State of Freight TODAY

UP–NS Merger Reset and Mixed Freight Signals: What FTR’s Latest Rail Podcast Reveals

Written by Joseph Towers, Sr. Analyst, Rail | 1/27/26 3:00 PM

In the newest episode of FTR’s Rail Market Update podcast, Senior Rail Analyst Joseph Towers focused on two developments shaping near-term rail market expectations: the Surface Transportation Board’s rejection of Union Pacific’s proposed merger with Norfolk Southern, and new weekly traffic data showing a divided freight landscape across commodities and borders.

Together, these issues underscore why regulatory uncertainty and uneven demand patterns remain central to 2026 planning for shippers, carriers, and rail-equipment investors.

STB Declares UP–NS Filing “Incomplete”

The STB unanimously rejected the UP–Norfolk Southern merger application after determining that key elements required for review were missing. Among the shortcomings cited:

  • Market-share projections needed to evaluate competitive impacts across U.S. regions
  • Submission of the completed merger agreement and related contracts
  • Classification of the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis acquisition, which regulators determined should be treated as a significant—not minor—transaction

Although the ruling was issued without prejudice, allowing Union Pacific to refile, the decision effectively resets the regulatory clock. The approval process, which had been expected to extend into late 2026, now appears more likely to stretch into 2027, delaying clarity around network structure, competitive dynamics, and long-term capacity implications.

Rail Traffic Shows Diverging Commodity Trends

Weekly data for the period ending January 17, 2026, revealed modest overall growth for North American rail traffic. Total volumes rose 1.3% year over year, supported by a 2.6% increase in carloads, while intermodal volumes edged higher by just 0.2%.

Strong Performers

Several commodity groups delivered notable gains:

  • Nonmetallic minerals posted double-digit year-over-year growth.
  • Agricultural products advanced sharply, led by grain shipments.
  • Metals registered moderate improvement.

These gains provided much of the upward momentum for total carloads.

Areas of Weakness

Other segments continued to lag:

  • Forest products recorded steep declines across sub-categories.
  • Automotive traffic fell again after proving more resilient in late 2025.
  • The broad “all other” category also posted negative results.

Early-year softness in the automotive sector may point to tariffs and production adjustments beginning to exert greater influence on vehicle flows.

Intermodal: Border Dynamics in Focus

Intermodal results painted a nuanced picture. While total volumes were marginally positive, U.S. and Canadian carriers experienced year-over-year declines. Those losses were offset by a sharp increase in Mexican volumes on GMX.

Weekly Mexican data has been volatile following recent reporting revisions, a point Joseph emphasized in the episode: “I’m always apprehensive to take the weekly data for GMX too seriously, as they have recently submitted significantly revised-down AAR figures.”

Even so, the broader softness in U.S. and Canadian intermodal volumes aligns with expectations for early-2026. Inventory pull-forwards tied to tariff concerns last year continue to shape comparisons, and near-term trends suggest volumes could remain flat to down through the first quarter before stabilizing later in the year.

What This Means for 2026 Planning

Between a lengthening merger approval timeline and uneven freight performance across key commodities, the current rail environment remains fluid. Regulatory outcomes will shape long-term competitive structures, while weekly traffic patterns continue to provide important signals about industrial demand, trade flows, and equipment utilization.

FTR will continue monitoring these developments closely and updating subscribers as new data and regulatory decisions emerge.

To hear the full discussion and review the accompanying charts, listen to the complete episode of FTR’s Rail Market Update.